![]() The most prominent of the recent open data initiatives to publish various kinds of data in electronic format is ones for statistical data gathered by governmental agencies . ![]() This indicates that quality control is necessary even if workers use software to extract data from chart images. Experiments in which workers were encouraged to use such software showed that even if workers used it, the extracted data still contained errors. The proposed framework is not intended to compete with chart digitizing software, and workers can use it if they feel it is useful for extracting data from charts. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed framework and mechanism are effective. ![]() Since results produced by crowdsourcing inherently contain errors, a quality control mechanism was developed that improves accuracy by aggregating tables created by different workers for the same chart image and by utilizing the data structures obtained from the reproduced chart objects. The properties of the reproduced chart objects give their data structures, including series names and values, which are useful for automatic processing of data by computer. Crowd workers are asked not only to extract data from an image of a chart but also to reproduce the chart objects in a spreadsheet. This paper describes the first unified framework for converting legacy open data in chart images into a machine-readable and reusable format by using crowdsourcing. However, such software is designed for manual use and thus requires human intervention, making it unsuitable for automatically extracting data from a large number of chart images. Various types of software for digitizing data chart images have been developed. Despite recent open data initiatives in many countries, a significant percentage of the data provided is in non-machine-readable formats like image format rather than in a machine-readable electronic format, thereby restricting their usability.
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